Gene information

Function: Transmembrane scaffolding protein involved in cell-cell interactions via its interactions with neurexin family members. Mediates cell-cell interactions both in neurons and in other types of cells, such as Langerhans beta cells. Mediates cell-cell interactions between Langerhans beta cells and modulates insulin secretion (By similarity). Plays a role in synapse function and synaptic signal transmission, especially via gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA(A) receptors). Functions by recruiting and clustering synaptic proteins. Promotes clustering of postsynaptic GABRG2 and GPHN. Promotes clustering of postsynaptic LHFPL4 (PubMed:29742426). Modulates signaling by inhibitory synapses, and thereby plays a role in controlling the ratio of signaling by excitatory and inhibitory synapses and information processing. Required for normal signal amplitude from inhibitory synapses, but is not essential for normal signal frequency. May promote the initial formation of synapses, but is not essential for this. In vitro, triggers the de novo formation of presynaptic structures. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10892652, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15620359, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16982420, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19553444, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19889999, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20530218, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29742426}.
Subcellular Location: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Postsynaptic cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:29742426}. Presynaptic cell membrane. Note=Detected at postsynaptic membranes in brain. Detected at dendritic spines in cultured neurons. Colocalizes with GPHN and ARHGEF9 at neuronal cell membranes (By similarity). Localized at presynaptic membranes in retina. Colocalizes with GABRG2 at inhibitory synapses in the retina. {ECO:0000250}.

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Exposure induced DNA methylation change